Paint composition.



Patented October I, 1904.

WILLIAM AUGUSTUS HALL, OF BELLOWS FALLS, VERMONT.

PAINT COMPOSITION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 771 ,241 dated October4, 1904.

Application filed September 24, 1903- Serial No. 174,473. (Nospecimens.)

To all whom, it nuty concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM AUeUs'rUs HALL, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Bellows Falls, in the county of Windham and State ofVermont, have invented or discovered certain new and useful Improvementsin Paints or Paint Compositions, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention or discovery relates to that class of water-paints nowvery largely in use, owing to their cheapness, and which are more orless waterproof or water-resisting, so as to withstand exposure to theweather; and the invention or discovery has for its object to improvethe said class of paints by giving them a more elastic and morewater-resisting character, so that they will be less inclined to crackand peel and will be more durable when exposed to the weather.

The water-paints heretofore largely in use have usuallycontainedalkalized casein as a waterproof binder for the earthy or mineral basescomposing the bodies of the paints, and although such paints presentsurfaces sufficiently hard and waterproof to withstand the action of theweather for a considerable time they are more or less inclined to crackand peel, owing to theirhardness. I have discovered that by adding asuitable proportion of vegetable oil to the composition of the paintsheretofore in use a certain amount of elasticity is imparted to thedried surfaces of the paints, and which obviates to a large extent thetendency to crack and peal and also increases the waterproof orwater-resisting qualities of the paints. If, however, the vegetable oilbe added to the water-paints heretofore largely in use and in which thecasein is alkalized to renderit soluble by means of lime, the procluctwill in time deteriorate by the decomposition of the casein in contactwith the lime.

Some attempts have heretofore been made to produce water-paintcompositions suitable for use and containing certain proportions ofoils; but so far as I am aware all of these attempts have been absolutefailures, for the reason that when the oils of such compositions weresaponified, so as to combine with the water of the composition, theaddition to the saponified oil and water of an earthy or mineral base,such as whiting or talc, produced a light frothy product or pasteentirely unsuitable for use as a paint, in that it would not spreadproperly to cover the surfaces to be painted. I have discovered,however, that if a binder containing a suitable proportion of a solutionof a glutinous animal adhesive, as casein or animal glue, be combinedwith a mixture consisting of a powdered mineral or earthy base, as talcor whiting, a vegetable oil, and water the tendency of the'compositionto become frothy when the base is added to the oily composition isentirely prevented, and the character of the product is entirelychanged, so that a paint-like composition which spreads readily isobtained. The binder or binding composition containing a solution of ananimal adhesive, which I preferably use in my new paint composition,consists of about twenty parts of animal glue or casein, (preferablycasein,) one part ammonia,

one hundred and seventy parts water, two and one-half partsformaldehyde, two parts boracic acid, and one part creosote. If glue beused instead of casein, then no ammonia or other alkali is necessary.These stated proportions of the binder or binding composition may bevaried somewhat, and the formaldehyde, boracic acid, and creosote mayeach or all be omitted, if desired, although it is better to use them.The formaldehyde has a waterproofing tendency and also a preservativeeffect, and the creosote acts as a preservative to preventdecomposition. The formaldehyde having an acid reaction also neutralizesthe alkali, which acts as a solvent for the casein and produces aslightly-acid solution.

The new paint composition is formed by mixing about one hundred parts ofthe binding composition or solution just above described with abouttwohundred parts of what may be termed a neutral powdered mineral or earthybase, as whiting or talc, (preferably talc,) twenty-five parts of avegetable oil, two parts potassium oxalate, and fifty parts of water, ina portion of which latter the potassium oxalate may have been previouslydissolved. The vegetable oil which I preferably employ is Chinesetong-oil; but I find that good results may be secured by the use ofother vegetable oils, such as linseed or cotton-seed oils.

In making the paint composition the binding composition or solutionabove described will first be well mixed with the tale or other neutralmineral base employed, and the Chinese tong or other vegetable oil willthen be thoroughly mixed with the tale and binding composition beforeadding the dissolved potassium oxalate and water. The casein or otheranimal glutinous adhesive employed in the binder or binding compositionwill prevent frothing when the tale is combined with the oilycomposition, as hereinbefore stated.

An ammoniaeal solution of casein does not produce a waterproof binderfor a waterpaint, even though it may contain a small percentage offormaldehyde, and where glue is used in place of the casein solution inthe water-paint of course such paint would not be Waterproof at all, andhence the waterproof action must come entirely from the vegetable oilemployed in the paint composition, and the purpose of the adhesive orbinding compositioncomprising the case1n or animal glue is simply toprevent frothing and produce a paint which will spread or flow properly.Just what prevents the frothing of the mixture when the talc or othermineral base is added to a composition containing a binder comprising asuitable proportion of an animal adhesive I am unable to explain; butexperiment has demonstrated that such animal adhesive does prevent thefrothing, while vegetable adhesivessuch as starch, gum, anddextrine-when used in theibinding composition will not prevent thefrothing, at least to any considerable extent. It will therefore beunderstood that the principal or novel feature of the present inventionor discovery consists in the use of an animal adhesive in a binder orbinding composition in the formation of a paint composition comprising avegetable oil and a neutral mineral base.

The improved paint hereinbefore described is not waterproof when firstapplied to the surfaces painted even after it is first dried and can bereadily washed off with water until it has been exposed to the air fortwo or three days, after which it becomes so oxidized as to be Veryweather-resisting and waterproof. Such weather-resisting or waterproofquality becomes gradually more pronounced With a continuation of theexposure of the dried paint to the air.

Having thus described my invention or discovery, I claim and desire tosecure by Letters Patent 1. A paint composition comprising about twohundred parts of a powdered neutral mineral base, as talc or whiting,five parts of a vegetable oil, fifty parts of water, and about onehundred parts of a binding composition comprising about twenty parts ofan animal adhesive, and water, and which animal adhesive will combinewith the oil, water and base to prevent frothing and enable the paint toflow or spread readily.

2. A paint composition comprising a powdered, neutral earthy or mineralbase, as talc or whiting, a vegetable oil, water, and a bindingcomposition comprising an ammoniacal solution of casein, and whichbinding composition will combine with the oil, water and base to preventfrothing and enable the paint to flow or spread readily.

3. A paint composition comprising a mineral base, a vegetable oil, asolution of casein, potassium oxalate and water.

- 4. A paint composition comprising a mineral base, a vegetable oil, asolution of casein, potassium oxalate, boracic acid, and Water.

5. A paint composition comprising a mineral base. a vegetable oil, asolution of casein, potassium oxalate, boracic acid, formaldehyde, andwater.

6. A paint composition comprising a mineral base, a vegetable oil, asolution of casein, potassium oxalate, boracic acid, creosote, andwater.

7. A paint composition comprising a mineral base, a vegetable oil, asolution of casein, potassium oxalate, boracic aeid,formaldehyde,creosote, and Water.

8. A paint composition comprising tale, a vegetable oil, ammonia,casein, and water.

9. A paint composition comprising talc, Chinese tong-oil, an alkali,casein, and water.

10. A paint composition comprising talc, Chinese tong-oil, an alkali,casein, potassium oxalate, and water.

11. A paint composition comprising a mineral base, a vegetable oil,ammonia, casein, formaldehyde, and water.

12. A paint composition comprising a mineral base, a vegetable oil,ammonia, casein, boracic acid, formaldehyde and water.

13. A paint composition comprising a mineral base, a vegetable oil,ammonia, casein, boracic acid, formaldehyde, creosote, and water.

14. A paint composition comprising a mineral base, a vegetable oil, analkali, casein, boracic acid, formaldehyde, creosote, potassium oxalate,and water.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

WILLIAM AUGUSTUS HALL.

Witnesses:

FLORENCE J. VVALsH, HENRY CALVER.

